Steam-engine



30 l escaping from one cylinder, in another cyl- BENJ. F. DAY, orPHrLAnELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

STEAM-ENGINE.

specification f `Letters, Patent No. 11,119,` dated June 2o, 1854.

I To all echan?, t may concerne: y

f `Beit known that I, BENJAMIN F. DAY, of the city `and county ofPhiladelphia and State of Pennsylvania, have. invented certain new anduseful Improvements in Steam-Engines; and I do hereby declare thefollowing `to bea full, clear, .and exact description of the same,reference being `had to the `accompanying drawings, making a partthereof, andin which"` i Figure l represents a `perspective view of theengine. Fig. 2* represents a fview on top of thesteam chests, `with thelids or covers thereofremoved, to show the valves therein. Fig; 3represents a top view t-aken underneat-h the steam chests, so as toshowthe i on the expansion cylinder.

steam ports andlpass'age's. Fig'. .4 represents, a longitudinal vertical`section throughthe expansion cylinder,with the `valves in their places,and showing the steam and eduction passages of said expansion cylinder.`Fig.

5 represents, a vertical transverse section through the cylinders andsteam chests, showing the passages leading out of the ports of thereceiving cylinder, into the steam chests `F ig. `6 represents thevalves, &c., detached from their places. f

I: amaware that many attempts have been made to work over byexpansion,the steam" inder, both being so arranged as that their piston`.rods shall `connect `with the same crank shaft. I make no pretensiontoorigi nality of invention in"fthe principle of such economical workingof steam. But the radical defects, in the'details, lfor carrying outthis principle, have thus far prevented suchengines from coming" intogeneral` or practical.

use. Among the prominent `defects in thev application of this principle,may be menw tioned that, of keeping opena free communication between thecylinders, or allowing the steam to passimmediately from one cylinder tothe other, through passages or openings leading direct from one to theother. Another defect is, in the attempt to make one exhaust passagecommon to 4both cylinders. both the plans, `the action ofthe expansioncylinder, is entirely dependent upon that of the receiving cylinder, andonly `about half a cylinder full of steam can be used expansively inthesecond cylinder; or rather, it can only `act on the piston of thesecond or lexpansion cylinder during, one

i half of its stroke, 4as the return of the piston in the Areceivingcylinder, opens the direct communication betweenthem, and the steaminthe expansion cylinder must exhaust. So also, in the latter case,where there is one ex-` haust common to both1 cylinders, for they mustof course exhaust at the same time, and

inthe plans suggested forthis construction,

the .steam from the expansion` cylinder is made to exhaust back throughthe receiving cylinder` to the eduction pipe, and this requires suchuniforlnity of motion of both pistons, as to make the receiving`cylinder `control the expanding cylinder, not giving the steam in thesecond cylinder time to act to its full extent expansively, for thepiston of the` expanding cylinder can only receive the action 0f thesteam expansively for about one half of itsstroke, since it must exhaustat a l'ixed time "to, conform. withthe return ofthe piston. in thereceiving cylinder. Now, to workthe steam by its direct action in asecond cylinder, is` not economi cal, for it canbe done asadvantageously in one cylinder, and at less cost of, construction. Thesecond cylinder .istherefore designed for working the steam escapingfrom the first cylinder expansively, yet, as I have shown, the meansheretofore devised, only admit o-f such expansive action, during onehalf of thestro-ke of the piston. I't is .theren fore clear that adirect communication or steam-way` between the cylinders, embarrassesthe action ofthe second or expanding cylinder, and the expansive i forceof the steam therein to agreat` extent is lost.

The naturev of my invention, consists in taking the steam, from the` rstcylinder, which is to be worked expansively in the second one, to asteam chest suitably `provided with valves, ports, and passages, so thatit maybe let `on to the second cylinder, act, and exhaust therefrom bythe action of the said valves and ports, Without being in` luenced `toso great an extent, as heretofore, bythe return of the'piston of the rstcylinder, which is the case wherethe communication is direct from onecylinder to the other. This method of applyingthe steam to the secondcylinder, allows "it to act expansively on its piston,during the wholeof its stroke, effecting a saving over the other methods of one third. yi

The second part of my` invention Consists in the inclosing of theexpansion cylinder ina j acketor second cylinder so asto leave llt) iaflue space between them,through which a current of heated air, or gases,is allowed to pass, for the purpose of reheating t-he steam 1n saldexpansion cylinder, and causing it to act with more effect on thepiston.y

' heating its cylinder, a portion of its lost heat, renders it moreeffective and economical.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I willproceed to describe the same with reference to the drawings.

Before entering'into the' more minute description of the accompanyingdrawings, I would state that, the receiving engine may be constructed inany of the well known forms ofv high pressure or noncondensing engines,and I shall not therefore, make any farther reference to that part ofthe engine than is merely necessary to explain its connection with theother part of the engine vupon which my improvement is especiallyapplicable.

The communication between the boiler and the engine is by means ofthepipe A, leading directly into the steam chest B, from whence the steamis admitted through the passages C, C, alternately, into the receivingcylinder L, by a simple slide valve a, Fig. 2, moved by an eccentric b,on the rock shaft M, (Fig. 1,) and a strict regard to economy willrequire it to be made so as to cut off the steam at or about halfstroke. The steam being admitted into the receiving cylinder L, it isalso conducted by the transverse passages D, D, (in dotted lines Fig. 3,and in section Fig. 4,) leading out of the passages C, C, Vinto thesteam chest E, on the expansive cylinder N, the crank O, of thereceiving engine having arrived on the half center, thus bringing thecrank P, of the expansion engine on it-s center. The valves F, F, nowcommence opening the ports G, leading into the expansion cylinder, whenthe steam is worked expansively in both -cylinders at the same timeuntil the receiving engine has finished its stroke. The steam containedin the receiving cylinder is then allowed to escape by the eduction pipeI, and that portion of the steam remaining in the expansion cylindercomprising about one third of the whole, is retained by the valves H,closing the ports D, and it continues to work expansively until the endof the stroke of the expansion enyinside of the arms of the valves I-IH, also represented in Fig. 6, and 1.motion is communicated to thevalves H,'II, by the valves F, F, coming in contact with them,alternately as they are moved by their rod d. The rock shafts M, M',apparently one inA the drawing, though really two, may havea step eitherin one or the other, so that they may have separate movements. 0r theymay be hollow resting on a fixed bar, so that the one M, may be operatedby the eccentric e, on the crank shaft, and the other M, by theeccentric f, also on said crank shaft, but admitting of motions entirelyindependent of each other.

rlhe expansion cylinder N, is surrounded by a jacket or second cylinderQ Figs. 1, 5, leaving a flue space R, between said cylinders, throughwhich heated air or the heated product of combustion from the furnacemay pass, as indicated by the arrows Fig. 5, and said Hue shouldl alsobe provided with a damper s, having a handle g (Fig. 1,) thereto, forregulating the quantity of heat to be admitted.

In Fig. 1, T represents the inlet for, and U, the exit of, the heatedproducts, after they have passed entirely around the cylinders, and h'represents the exhaust from the expansion cylinder, which may be madeinto said flue, for the purpose o-f increasing the draft through it. Theobject in passing this current of heated air around the expansioncylinder, is for the purpose of restoring to the steam therein a portionof the heat abstracted from it by its passage through the variousports,` or openings by radiation and the expansion and to increasethereby the effective force of the steam in said cylinder. The heat usedmay be the waste heat from the furnace, or from any other source.

Having thus fully described the nature of my invention I would statethat I lay no claim to the double engine connected to cranks at rightangles on one shaft; neither do I claim the principle of using steamexpansively in connection with a cylinder orv engine using it directlyfrom the boiler, as these are described in the patent granted to DanielBarnum on the 19th Sept., 1846; neither do I claim the arrangement ofvalves as patented to said Barnum. But

What I do claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patentis- In contradistinction from allowing the which means I retain a longerexpansive acstealn to passhdrectly from one cylifnder tion of steam,substantially as described. to the other, t e takin of the steam rom thereceiving cylinder a steam chest pro- B FRANKLIN DAY 5 vided With Valvesand ports, by and through Witnesses:

which the steam` is admitted to, and eX SYLVES'TER DAY, hausted from theexpansive cylinder, by GEO. W. DAY.

